Critical Discourse Analysis : Power and Ideology In The Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club Anthem
CRITICAL
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS: POWER AND IDEOLOGY IN THE CHELSEA INDONESIA SUPPORTERS
CLUB ANTHEM
Presented
by:
YUSITA FATMAWATI
130511100026
AS A PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE OF
DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
ENGLISH STUDY
PROGRAM
FACULTY OF
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY
OF TRUNOJOYO MADURA
6nd
SEMESTER A.Y. 2015/2016
PREFACE
I would like to say my best thankfulness to Allah who has
given me knowledge with a patience. Peace and salutation be upon to Muhammad
Saw because I am recognized as a true exist Moslem. I am finally able to finish
this paper entitled” CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS : POWER AND IDEOLOGY IN
THE CHELSEA INDONESIA SUPPORTERS CLUB ANTHEM” as the requirement in English Study Program, Faculty of Social and
Cultural Science, University of Trunojoyo Madura. I want to the reader’s
suggestions or critics to my assignment. Hopefully, this research will give
advantage to all people.
Bangkalan, 22 June 2016
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENS
Cover.......................................................................................................
Preface..................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contens..................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Bacground of Study.......................................................................... 4
1.2 Statements of Research Problem....................................................... 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study..................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL
REVIEW
2.1 Discourse Analysis............................................................................ 6
2.2 Critical Discourse
Analysis............................................................... 7
2.3
Power............................................................................................... 7
2.4
Ideology........................................................................................... 8
Chapter III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design................................................................................ 9
3.2 Source of Data and
Data................................................................... 9
3.3 Research Instrument......................................................................... 9
3.4 Method of Collecting Data............................................................... 10
3.5 Method of Anaylyzing Data............................................................. 10
CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
4.1 Power................................................................................................ 12
4.2 Ideology............................................................................................ 15
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion......................................................................................... 17
REFERENCES..................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club (CISC) is big
community which support Chelsea Football Club. It is the biggest football fans
club in Indonesia. CISC has around million members that divided all of region
in Indonesia. This community has variant activity in a week such us playing
football, watching a match and traveling in some places.
CISC
has characteristics that make them different from other communities. The characteristics
for their members are pride. They pride become CISC members and support
something that create their characteristics like support Chelsea Football Club,
always use jersey Chelsea Football Club and many things in their body have blue
color. They have many ways to unified member that has same purpose, hobby and
love Chelsea Football Club.
They have an official song called CISC anthem.
It is a song that represent the feeling of CISC’s members. All of them know and
memorize the song. As explained before, the members are pride of their
characteristics. In this kind of song, they also pride. CISC anthem created by
Gugun Supriatna Dwi Jatmika and the vocalis is Malvino Gladwin Mambu.
Actually CISC anthem is not usual song. It has implicit
reason or background why CISC members singing and create this song as anthem. Beside
that, the song has been involved with their everyday life. It’s mirroring of
their self, transmitting of meaning and message, and its social significance
have lead people to consider it as a discourse type.
Norman
Fairclough states that discourse is use of language seen as a form of social
practice (1995:7). CISC anthem is kind of spoken discourse because the message
of the song is receiving the listener through the speech organs of the singer.
Discourse is different from text. It mores complex because not only look at the
part of text or meaning but also every aspect of languages. CISC anthem is a
song with a singer that can influence all of CISC member. This song also give
many information about characteristics of CISC community.
The
writer interesting with CISC anthem and uses this song as the data because CISC
members has interesting ideology that contributes to the existing of CISC
anthem. In every part of this anthem have different story, meaning, reason and
etc. Therefore the singer of this song also has power to control CISC member
and many people outside this community.
CISC
anthem has element that can explore such us power and ideology. The writer wants
to analyzed it use critical discourse analysis (CDA) as branch of discourse
analysis. Paltridge (2011) have stated that people who study discourse might
focus on the analysis of speech and writing to take a more theoretical and
critical point of view to consider the institutionalized ways of thinking that define
our social lives. The writer also uses Fairclough model to breakdown CISC
anthem so that peoples know the content of CISC anthem according to three
dimension of this model.
1.2
Statement of Problem
1.
What
are the power found in the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters
Club anthem?
2.
What
are the ideology found in the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club anthem?
1.3
Objective of The Study
1.
To
explain the power and ideology found in the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club anthem
2.
To
explain the ideology found in the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club anthem?
CHAPTER
II
THEORITICAL
REVIEW
2.1
Discourse Analysis
Discourse Analysis (DA) is the tool analytic framework
that was created for studying actual text and talk in the communicative context.
There are two kinds of discourse, text (written discourse) and talk (spoken
discourse). Both of them are uses to communication purpose. In this research
the data is CISC anthem that included in the spoken discourse.
Paltridge
(2006) stated that discourse analysis focuses on knowledge about language
beyond the word, clause, phrase, and sentence that is needed for successful
communication. From this definition discourse analysis not only focuses in part
of word, clause, phrase and sentence. It also needs knowledge or context around
text such who is the writer, the background of the writer and etc.
Discourse
analysis, then, has a social dimension, and for many analysts it is a method
for studying how language “gets recruited ‘on site’ to enact specific social
activities and social identities” (Gee, 1999). It means that discourse analysis
also has social point of view. It used to analyze social aspect in the activity
of human and their identity.
Van
Dijk (2009) stated that discourse analysis is essentially multidisciplinary,
and involves linguistics, poetics, semiotics, psychology, sociology,
anthropology, history, and communication research. According to this
definition, discourse analysis covered variation subject in language like the
explanation above.
2.2
Critical Discourse Analysis
Critical
discourse analysis explores the connection between the use of language and the
social and political contexts in which it occurs. It explores issues such as
gender, ethnicity, cultural difference, ideology and identity and how these are
both constructed and reflected in texts (Paltridge, 2006). It is clear that
critical discourse analysis covered some issue that explained above.
According
to Paltridge (2006), the aim of critical approach to discourse analysis is to
help reveal some of these hidden and ‘often out sight’ values, position and
perspectives. From this definition, CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) breakdown
part of value and perspective that hidden in some discourse. In this study, the
writer will breakdown power and ideology in Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club
Anthem.
Fairclough
(2001) stated that CDA starts rather from social issues and problems, problems
which face people in their social lives, issues which are taken up within sociology,
political science and or cultural studies. CDA also related with social issue,
deal about problem of people and live of people as human being. CDA also
analyzed from social lives of people.
2.3
Power
Social
power is based on privileged access to socially valued resources, such
as wealth, income, position, status, force, group membership, education or
knowledge (Van Dijk, 2009). The writer will analyze power about group
membership in Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club Anthem. There is some part of
this anthem that has power inside.
Van
Dijk (2009) also stated that the social dominance of groups is thus not merely
enacted, individually, by its group members, as is the case in many forms of
everyday racism or sexual harassment. Social dominance also related with the
power. It is about how power of a people dominance in the group of people. The
power also show racism, especially for community that has rival.
Power
not only in the group of peoples. It also happens in conversation between
speaker and the hearer. A speaker dominance in a conversation, he/she has
power. One way in which this can be looked at is through an analysis of who
controls conversational interactions, who allows a person to speak, and how
they do this (Paltridge, 2006).
2.4
Ideology
Every
people or character has different ideology. The ideological factor of people
can influence discourse. Discourse also represent the ideology of character.
According to Fairclough (1995), the critical alternative claims that
naturalized implicit propositions of an ideological character are pervasive in
discourse, contributing to the positioning of people as social subject.
The
background of people that dominance in an area, sometimes the people has power
in discourse. Power and ideology has close relation in discourse. Paltridge
(2006) stated that This includes was of representing and constructing society
such as relations of power, and relations based on gender, class and ethnicity.
CHAPTER
III
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design
The writer uses descriptive qualitative research
because the data is song that transcript in form of words. The result of the
analysis also appears in form of word rather than number. The writer not only
mention the data, but also describe the finding. So, it’s appropriate that uses
descriptive qualitative research in this study.
Qualitative method also concerns
with how the researcher explore and analyzed the data whatever he or she
believes and can be known. It is based on the assumptions or epistemology. There
is no manipulate in the data from CISC anthem. Therefore, the result of this
study is form of explanation.
3.1
Source of Data and Data
The
source of data that chosen in this study are from CISC anthem that has been
published by Official Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club. These data are chosen
because they contain ideology and power behind the song of CISC anthem that
make the writer easy and comfort to analyzed. The writer found some power and
ideology behind these song and they are the data that analyzed in this study.
3.2
Research Instrument
The
instrument is important role in the research. This writer uses software
Internet Download Manager (IDM) to download CISC anthem from officially website
www.chelseafc.or.id
. Therefore, the writer uses some books and other references as basic of this
study. After that, the researcher herself who collecting, classifying and
analyzing the data is the research instrument in this study.
3.3
Method of Collecting Data
In
collecting the data, the writer used content analysis method. Mostly, content
analysis is qualitative research concerning the general import or message
behind the existing data. The data in this study is CISC anthem, and the writer
collect some power and ideology behind the data.
There
are some steps of collecting the data. The first is listening to the CISC
anthem several times to get the correct analysis. The second is taking note and
write down the part of CISC anthem that has power and ideology behind. The last
is classifying where is part that contain power and where is part that contain
ideology.
3.1
Method of Analyzing Data
This
study uses Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model of Discourse to analyzed the
data, see the following diagram:
|
Sociocultural practice
(Situational;
institutional;societal)
|
|
Process of production
Process of interpretation
Discourse practice
|
|
Text
|
(Source
: Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language, 1995.
Page 98)
The diagram show that there are
three level of analysis namely the text level, the discursive practice level,
and the socio-cultural level. Fairclough (1995) stated that the connection
between text and social practice is seen as being mediated by discourse
practice. The three of level in the diagram has connection. The first is text,
it is about spoken and written text or CISC anthem as object that analyzed in
this study. The second is discourse practice is interpretation from text. The
last is socio practice or the explanation from the condition behind the text,
in this study is about power and ideology behind CISC anthem.
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
4.1
Power
CISC
ANTHEM
Come and see
what we’re doing here
with our
passion to support you
Overland and
sea from Stamford Bridge
we’ll keep
following you
Here, we
stand in diversity
For one goal
to be together
We’re not
just ordinary fans
But one big
family
Chorus :
Together we can
And we’ll
keep the blue flag flying high
This anthem like represent the activity of CISC that
support Chelsea, the singer also wants to many peoples outside the community
look at them that indicate in the first verse. The clauses in the first verse doesn’t
have rising intonation which means that the clauses only used to give
information to the listener. The singer in this anthem has power to give
information from first verse about CISC support Chelsea, they from all land and
sea around the world. He also uses power to invite peoples outside CISC to come
and see the activity of CISC, so that people can proud or feel awesome with
this community.
Actually
this anthem singing not only by a singer, but also together with all member of
CISC although they follow to sing in the part of chorus. From the beginning
until the end of this anthem, uses third person pronoun “we”, and “our”. The
uses of third person pronoun by them, indicate they show to the listener that
they have power together support Chelsea in the first verse, they are big
family in the second verse, and they love Chelsea together until die. There is
no individualism in this community as long as the uses third person pronoun
“we” in this anthem. Therefore,
researcher of this study conclude that the power of this anthem controlled by
“we”.
In
the second verse show that the singer tells about they are not just ordinary
fans but one big family. From this verse, the singer has power to make sure
that they are not only usual fans that support a football club. It’s more than
fans, they are family that has same activity, hobby and purposes. The singer
uses this power in the first verse to make this community be close like family.
Besides that, this power also indicate a rule that the member of CISC must feel
they are family. This verse also talks about the goal of CISC. The singer uses
his power to show the goal of this community that want to together in every
event.
In
the third verse is first chorus where the singer singing by himself two times
and with all member of CISC one time. Mostly, in the chorus the singer raise the
intonation or tone that indicate in this chorus has high power. The raise
intonation in the words “love” and “dying dying”. It means that the power uses
to inform the listener, if they are love Chelsea until die. The power uses to
influence all people, especially CISC member to love Chelsea until they are die.
Seems like this anthem uses to doctrine the member.
The
last verse is also chorus that almost same with discussion before this
paragraph. The similarity between this verse and before is both of them are
part of chorus. The differences are in the last song, there are a lyric “we’ll
keep the blue flag flying high”. The member of CISC has power to uses that sentences
to show that they will care, respect, and protect wherever Chelsea. The high
intonation also uses in this sentence, in the part of “flying” and “high”. It
means that, they have power to make Chelsea always in the up position although
this club failed to get trophy champions.
From
how the singer singing both of chorus also indicate something. The singer
singing first time. It means that the singer wants to show he has a power to
influence CISC member to join singing the anthem. The second is CISC member
with the singer singing CISC anthem’s chorus together. They use the power to
show that they are together love Chelsea and they are unified. The third is the
singer himself repeat again the chorus. He used the power to make sure a conclusion
about the last of song.
After
know the explanation above all of the song lyric that has singer power behind,
the writer found something different in the way the singer singing the last
lyric of CISC anthem. There is a sentence in the last CISC anthem “Keep The
Blue Flag Flying High”. The singer singing the sentence until three times. See the following transcript:
And we’ll keep the blue flag...
And we’ll
keep the blue flag...
And we’ll
keep the blue flag [.] flying high
From
the data above, the singer delaying “flying high”. The writer give mark [.] as
the interval or break some second between “And we’ll keep the blue flag” and
“flying high”. It is the part of power, when the singer finally say “flying
high”. The blue flag in that lyric represent Chelsea and the final lyric
“flying high”, it means that CISC member proudly with Chelsea and support them
in the up position until the end.
4.2
Ideology
The
ideology of this song is fanaticism. It means that CISC member are people that
very love Chelsea Football Club. They are proud about Chelsea as the football
club favorite as their opinion. Fanatic people will always talk about their hobby
and passion, in this study is Chelsea. They express what they are feeling about
Chelsea with CISC anthem. One of the evidence about fanaticism is the singer as
part of CISC member want to show to the listener that CISC member and their
lovely club is great thing.
In
the first verse, fanaticism ideology show in the lyric “Overland and Sea from
Stamford Bridge” and “We’ll keep following you”. From that lyric song, the
singer tells about Chelsea fans from overland and sea. CISC anthem uses term
overland and sea because they want to show off that Chelsea fans, especially
CISC member are from all location around the world. It also following with
lyric “We’ll keep following you”, it added message of fanaticism become
strongly.
In
the second verse, there are lyric “we’re not just ordinary fans but one big
family”. CISC is community that has many activities together such as charity,
discussion, footsal, badminton, and watch a match together. All of the activity
make them closely like family. Therefore, they feel CISC as place where they
found the second family beside they real family in the house. In the second
verse also, they stated that they are in the diversity but as a goal to be
together. From the explanation above, the background of the second verse
because they feel they are family and has many activities together.
The
first chorus, they introduce their self as Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club. So
the society will know who they are. The song also has lyric “we love you
Chelsea” and “till our dying dying day”. Both of them happen in this anthem
because CISC member has ideology of fanatic. They are very fanatic because they
want to support and love Chelsea. The sentence “till our dying dying day” represent
that they love Chelsea forever all of time until die. So, they express their
fanatic with this first chorus of CISC anthem.
In
the last chorus, CISC member more show their fanaticism in the way of CISC
anthem. The writer observes this verse and ask CISC member about this verse.
The last sentence “Keep The Blue Flag Flying High” that singing until three
times is motto for this community. It is one of reason why he repeats until
three times. Chelsea football club has daily colour or main colour blue. The home
base of Chelsea is blue and all jersey also is blue. After that, flag is thing
that respect by many people. Both of them is the ideology why they use term
“blue flag” in the CISC anthem.
The
chorus is the main message of CISC anthem. The listener will know CISC anthem
when they are listen in the chorus. The chorus represent the ideology of CISC
members. It is about fanaticism that indicate in the sentence “till our dying
dying day”. The support of CISC member for Chelsea in the motto “Keep The Blue
Flag Flying High”. Therefore, they express love in the sentence “We love you
Chelsea”. When the listeners can’t understand about CISC anthem, they can look
at in the chorus. It already clear in the chorus about ideology of CISC member
and also about purpose and CISC member’s think about Chelsea.
CHAPTER
V
CONCLUSION
5.1
Conclusion
Power
and ideology are the part of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Powe related
with action, someone that control a group, dominance and influence to social
practice. While ideology is the background of discours, the way discourse exist
and story behind discourse. In this study, the writer also uses Fairclough
three dimension model that consist of text, discourse practice and
sociocultural practice.
After
analyzing CISC anthem that related with statement of problem, the writer draw a
conclusion. CISC anthem that singing by a singer with CISC members have power.
The singer has power to give information for people outside CISC about this
community. CISC anthem use first person pronoun “we” that indicate in this song
CISC members has power. There are some high intonation that make the power of
this song more strongly.
CISC anthem also have ideology. The
fanaticism of CISC members as the background to the existing of CISC anthem.
From the beginning until the end of the song, they express in this song. From
the motto “Keep the blue flag flying high”, it already clear that CISC member
want to Chelsea always in the up position. So, they imagine Chelsea as “blue
flag”.
REFERENCES
Fairclough, Norman. (1995). Critical discourse analysis : the critical study of language. London
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Paltridge, Brian. (2006). Discourse analysis An Introduction. New York. Continuum
Van Dijk. (2009). Society
and Discourse : How social contexts influence text and talk. New York.
Cambridge University Press
Rahimi and Riasati. (2011). “Critical Discourse
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(November,2011). Pp. 107-112.
Ekawati, Rosyida. (2011). “Role and indication of
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