CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of Study
Semiotics
is the study of sign. Beyond the most basic definition as ‘the study of signs’,
there is considerable variation among leading semioticians as to what semiotics
involves. One of the broadest definitions is that of Umberto Eco, who states
that ‘semiotics is concerned with everything that can be taken as a sign’ (Eco
1976, 7). Semiotics involves the study not only of what we refer to as ‘signs’
in everyday speech, but of anything which ‘stands for’ something else. In a
semiotic sense, signs take the form of words, images, sounds, gestures and
objects. Contemporary semioticians study signs not in isolation but as part of
semiotic ‘sign-systems’ (such as a medium or genre). They study how meanings
are made and how reality is represented. Semiotics can be a very useful tool in
textual analysis in terms of uncovering the meaning of a text. We can use the
principles of Semiotics to analyze existing media products. Semioticians look
closely at film shots in order to break down their messages into systems of
signs and codes. Signing is vital to human existence because it underlies all
forms of communication. Within semiotics, anything that is used for human
communication is defined as a sign: gestures, facial expressions, poetry,
rituals, clothes, food, music, morse code, marketing, commercial, film, etc.
There
are so many theory in semiotics but in this paper choose Peirce’s triangle
model of sign as media analysis in the 1st Episode of One Piece.
Peirce’s triangle model of sign that consist of three element like
representament, interpretant and object will applied in 1st Episode
of One Piece.
Peirce
triangle model of sign and 1st Episode of One Piece have been chosen
because easy and interesting many people to know the meaning and analyze the
hidden object. From this data source the reader will understand what they do
without saying anything. So we can understand the purpose of the advertisement
and what the message from it.
1.2
Statement of Problem
1.
What
is Charles Sander Peirce?
2.
What
is Peirce’s triangle model of sign?
3.
What
is 1st Episode of One Piece?
4.
How
the application of Peirce’s triangle model of sign in the 1st episode
of One Piece?
1.3
Object of Problem
1.
In
order to know Charles Sanders Peirce.
2.
In
order to know Peirce’s triangle model of sign
3.
In
order to know 1st Episode of One Piece.
4.
In
order to know the application of Peirce’s triangle model of sign in the 1st
episode of One Piece.
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
2.1
Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce was born in Cambridge,
Massachusetts September 10, 1839. He was an American philosopher, logician,
mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as “the father of
pragmatism”. He was the son of Sarah Hunt Mills and Benjamin Peirce, himself a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard
University and perhaps the
first serious research mathematician in America. At age 12, Charles read his
older brother's copy of Richard Whately's Elements of Logic, then the leading
English-language text on the subject. So began his lifelong fascination with
logic and reasoning. He went on to earn the A.B.
and A.M. from Harvard; in 1863 the Lawrence
Scientific School
awarded him a B.Sc. that was Harvard's first summa cum laude chemistry degree; and otherwise his academic record was undistinguished. He was
educated as chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. Today he is
appreciated largely for this contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy,
scientific methodology and semiotics, and for his founding of pragmatism. An
innovator in mathematics, statistics, philosophy, research methodology, and various
sciences, Peirce considered himself, first and foremost, a logician. He made major contributions to logic, but logic for him encompassed
much of that which is now called epistemology and philosophy
of science. He saw logic
as the formal branch of semiotics, of which he is a founder, and which foreshadowed the
debate among logical
positivists and
proponents of philosophy
of language that
dominated 20th century Western philosophy; additionally, he defined the concept
of abductive
reasoning, as well as
rigorously formulated mathematical
induction and deductive
reasoning. As early as
1886 he saw that logical
operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits; the same idea was used decades later to produce
digital computers.
2.2
Peirce’s Triangle Model of Sign
Peirce sign definition “Something which stands to
somebody for something in respect or capacity” (Peirce). The triangle theory
qualify as a sign, all three elements are essential. The sign is a unity of
what is represented (the object), how it is represented (the representamen) and
how it is interpreted (the interpretant). Charles Sanders Peirce formulated his own model of the
sign, of ‘semeiotic [sic]’ and of the taxonomies of signs. In contrast
to Saussure’s model of the sign in the form of a ‘self-contained dyad’, Peirce
offered a triadic (three-part) model consisting of representament, interpretant
and object.
a.
Representament
- from which the sign take sign takes (not necessarily material).
In the broadest possible sense of "represents". It is
something interpretable as saying something about something. It is not
necessarily symbolic, linguistic, or artificial—a cloud might be a sign of rain
for instance, or ruins the sign of ancient civilization. As Peirce
sometimes put it (he definedsign at least 76 times), the sign
stands for the object to the interpretant. A
sign represents its object in some respect, which respect is the sign's ground.
b.
Interpretant
– idea, interpretation in mind.
A sign's meaning or ramification as formed into a kind of idea
or effect, an interpretation, human or otherwise. An interpretant is a sign (a)
of the object and (b) of the interpretant's "predecessor" (the
interpreted sign) as a sign of the same object. An interpretant either (i)
is immediate to a sign and is a kind of quality or possibility
such as a word's usual meaning, or (ii) is a dynamic interpretant,
such as a state of agitation, or (iii) is a final or normal interpretant,
a sum of the lessons which a sufficiently considered sign would have
as effects on practice, and with which an actual interpretant may at most
coincide.
c.
Object
– to which the sign refers.
Subject matter of a sign and an interpretant. It can be
anything thinkable, a quality, an occurrence, a rule, etc., even fictional,
such as Prince. All of those are special or partial objects.
The object most accurately is the universe
of discourse to
which the partial or special object belongs. For instance, a perturbation
of Pluto's orbit is a sign about Pluto but ultimately not only about Pluto. An
object either (i) is immediate to a sign and is the object as
represented in the sign or (ii) is a dynamic object, the
object as it really is, on which the immediate object is founded "as on
bedrock".
The
broken line at the base of the triangle is intended to indicate that there is
not necessarily any observable or direct relationship between the sign vehicle
and the referent. Note here that semioticians make a distinction between a sign
and a ‘sign vehicle’ (the latter being a ‘signifier’ to Saussureans and
‘representamen’ to Peirceans, the ‘signified’ from Saussureans is
‘interpretant’ in Peirce model). The sign is more than just a sign vehicle. The
term ‘sign’ is often used loosely, so that this distinction is not always
preserved.
In Peirce’s own words:
A
sign . . . [in the form of a representamen] is something which stands to
somebody for something in some
respect or capacity. It addresses somebody, that is, creates in the mind
of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign. That sign which it creates I call the
interpretant of the first sign. The sign stands for something, its object. It stands for that object, not in all
respects, but in reference to
a sort of idea, which I have sometimes called the ground of the representamen.
(Peirce
1931–58, 2.228)
Although
Peirce’s object is not confined to physical things and (like Saussure’s signified)
it can include abstract concepts and fictional entities, the Peircean model
explicitly allocates a place for materiality and for reality outside the sign
system which Saussure’s model did not directly feature (though Peirce was not a
naïve realist, and he argued that all experience is mediated by signs). For
Peirce the object was not just ‘another variety of “interpretant”’ (Bruss 1978,
96), but was crucial to the meaning of the sign: ‘meaning’ within his model
includes both ‘reference’ and (conceptual) ‘sense’ (or more broadly,
representation and interpretation). Furthermore, Peircean semioticians argue
that the triadic basis of this model enables it to operate as a more general
model of the sign than a dyadic model
2.3
The 1st Episode of One Piece
One
Piece is one of anime in Japan, anime itself is term used to refer to
Japanese animated productions featuring hand-drawn or computer animation. One
piece’s anime tell about pirate group living that has dream purpose in their
voyage. In their voyage they also meet many enemy. The main character in One
Piece is Straw Hat Pirate consist of Luffy as captain and his friend Zoro,
Nami, Sanji, Robin, Broke, Franky and Chopper.
a.
Tittle : I’m Luffy! The man who will
become the pirate king!
b.
Characters : Nami
Alvida
Coby
Heppoko, Peppoko, and Poppoko
Monkey D.Luffy
Roronoa Zoro
c.
Duration : 24 minutes
The
series begins with a barrel floating in the water. Aboard a passenger ship, two
sailors spot the barrel floating in the sea. The ship is hosting a formal dance
for the rich passengers, and among them, a pretty young girl is invited to dance. The two sailors cast out a
rope to reel the barrel in. When they pull it in, however, another sailor spots
a pirate ship in the distance, a pink one - belonging to the pirate Alvida. The
pirate ship, known as the Miss Love Duck, fires its cannons and the barrel is knocked out of
the sailors' hands, sent rolling into the kitchen. Panic ensues as the pirate
ship attacks the cruise vessel, pulling up beside it and allowing the pirates
to board, led by Alvida. While pirates are attacking the ship, Coby, a young
boy who is essentially a slave of Alvida's, sneaks into the kitchen and notices
the barrel. As he is rolling it away, several pirates come in and ask why he's
sneaking around. They then proclaim that they are thirsty and just as one of
the pirates is about to smash open the barrel with his fist, it bursts open and
out jumps Monkey D. Luffy, shocking everybody . The pirates try to attack him,
but they are easily defeated and flee, and Coby is left intrigued by Luffy.
Luffy and Coby head to the storage cellar of the ship and Luffy starts eating
apples out of a crate.
While
in the cellar, Luffy asks if they are on a pirate ship. Coby replies that they
are not, but rather on a cruise ship being raided by pirates. Luffy then
explains how his dinghy was destroyed in a whirlpool and how he barely survived
by jumping into the barrel. Then, Coby explains how he ended up getting picked
up by Alvida's pirates and how he has been their slave ever since. Luffy then
mentions his dream, how he wants to become the Pirate King, which causes Coby
to lose it, realizing that Luffy is a pirate. While this conversation is being
held, Alvida's pirates tell their captain that there is a barrel monster aboard
the ship, and are all oblivious to the fact that Nami is robbing them blind.
Alvida
bursts through the ceiling of the cellar and sees Luffy, mentioning how he is
not actually Roronoa Zoro. Luffy then asks who the fat lady is, infuriating
Alvida. Alvida attacks but Luffy picks up Coby and launches himself out of the
cellar, and onto the deck. He is attacked by Alvida's pirates but knocks them
all out using a Gomu Gomu no Rocket attack. When everyone is shocked by this,
Luffy explains that he is a rubber man who ate the Gomu Gomu no Mi. He says he
wants to find One Piece and that he is currently looking for a crew, thinking
that ten people is a good amount. Alvida asks Coby who the most beautiful woman
in the world is. Alvida, who had trained Coby to stay by her side, is shocked
when Coby, inspired by Luffy, stands up for himself and yells that Alvida is a
smelly, fat, old hag.
Alvida
becomes livid and attacks. Her mace strikes Luffy right on the head, but he
stays standing. Luffy proclaims that a normal attack like that won't work on a
rubber man, then winds back and uses a Gomu Gomu no Pistol attack to send
Alvida flying, defeating her with one hit. Luffy orders Alvida's remaining
pirates to get a boat ready for him and Coby, and they jump into the boat and
sail away, briefly seeing Nami in her boat as they head off. Sailing out into
the great blue sea, Luffy asks about the pirate hunter Coby mentioned. Coby
says that he was captured by the Marines, and Luffy announces his intention of
asking him to join his crew. This causes Coby to lose it again. Luffy makes up
his mind, saying that he will recruit Roronoa Zoro as his next member. While
they are speaking, the scene changes to a nearby Marine base where a man with a green bandanna is tied to a cross, looking up.
2.4
The Application
of Peirce’s Triangle Model of Sign in The 1st Episode of One Piece
The analysis of this episode using triangle model of
sign that consist of representament, interpretant and object. The application divided
into two analysis, the first is to break the meaning in the some dialogue and
the second is analysis the action of character.
2.4.1
Dialogue
This analysis take from some dialogue conversation that consist
of word or sentences which is said by characters in this episode. That dialogue
has hidden meaning to analysis with Peirce’s triangle model of sign.
1.
Representament
: When Alvida asked who’s the
most beautiful woman in this ocean?
and Coby said that it’s the captain of this ship of course, Alvida.
Interpretant :
Coby praise Alvida because she is beautiful.
Object :
Coby says Alvida is beutiful because perforce, actually he just be afraid Alvida will angry, if he honest and say
she is not beautiful.
2.
Representament : When sneaks into the kitchen and
notices the barrel that fill with
juice. As he is rolling it away, several pirates come in and ask
we’ll help lighted your load. Actually they are thirsty
Interpretant :
They want to help Coby.
Object :
They are thirsty, so they want to bring the barrel
3.
Representament : When Coby meet Luffy and said that
he get really scared, Luffy smile and said that Coby is a
coward, he don’t like him.
Interpretant :
Luffy insult Coby.
Object :
Luffy just make a joke with that statement or just kidding.
4.
Representament : When some pirates meet Alvida and
said that the barrel was a monster!
Interpretant :
Monster is any creature, usually found in legends or horror fiction.
Object :
They said it was monster because worried after Luffy show his real
power but actually Luffy is human not monster.
5.
Representament : When Coby and Luffy meet Alvida and
Luffy his power, Coby say, “Lu... Luffy-san, run”
Interpretant :
Coby give instruction Luffy to run.
Object :
Alvida makes Coby scared and he afraid Luffy will killed by Alvida.
2.4.2
Action
This analysis take from some action of character in this
episode that has hidden meaning in every action.
1.
Representament :
Interpretant :
The sun is bright and there are many bird flying in the sky.
Object :
The weather in that day is very hot.
2.
Representament :
Interpretant :
Nami look at out of the window.
Object :
She looking for Alvida’s ship.
3.
Representament :
Interpretant :
The face of ship’s employee, he shock and sweat.
Object :
He shock when he look at the Alvida’s ship is arrived.
4.
Representament :
Interpretant : The flag of Alvida’s pirates in a
ship (Miss Love Duck).
Object :
It can show if Alvida is pirate who is cruel, we can look at the skull symbol, although there are love inside.
5.
Representament :
Interpretant :
Alvida’s ship covered gas and throwing out some guns.
Object :
They start to attack the ship of rich passengers.
6.
Representament :
Interpretant :
All rich passengers run except Nami.
Object :
She didn’t run because she think to start her action for steal gold in the Alvida’s ship.
7.
Representament :
Interpretant :
Many pirates bring weapon.
Object :
They will attack rich passenger.
8.
Representament :
Interpretant :
Coby close his eyes with hands.
Object :
Coby scary to look at something until not want to look that.
9.
Representament :
Interpretant :
Luffy eat many apple with full apple in his mouth.
Object :
He is very hungry until eat many apples.
10. Representament :
Interpretant :
Nami collect many gold from all case.
Object :
Nami is a thief and want to get all property.
11. Representament :
Interpretant :
A pirate jump from upper and bring weapon.
Object :
He want to attack Luffy from behind.
12. Representament :
Interpretant :
Luffy has long hand.
Object :
Luffy is rubber man, he can makes his body long and flexible.
13. Representament :
Interpretant :
Nami bring an encasement when many people busy in ship.
Object :
She want to run with many gold.
14. Representament :
Interpretant :
Alvida’s face with many vein showed.
Object :
She is very angry.
15. Representament :
Interpretant :
Luffy makes his hand is long and giving punch to Alvida.
Object :
Luffy want to Alvida go far away.
CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
3.1
Conclusion
Many sign in this world and all of it have messages or
meaning that cannot see or know directly.
Semiotics is the study of sign. Sign can be word, gesture, traffic light,
flag and so on. The pragmatist philosopher and logician Charles Sanders Peirce
formulated his own model of the sign ‘semeiotic [sic]’ and the
taxonomies of signs. Peirce offered a triadic (three-part) model consist of
representament, interpretant and object. Representament from which the sign
take sign takes (not necessarily material), interpretant is idea and
interpretation in mind, and object to which the sign refers. The theory of
Peirce triangle model of sign in this paper used to analysis the 1st episode
of One Piece and to know the hidden meaning in that series. The application divided
into two analysis, the first is to break the meaning in the some dialogue and
the second is analysis the action of character.
3.2
Critic and Suggestion
We hope this paper useful to the reader in the study
of sign (semiotic) and to know more detail about triangle model of Peirce. If
any suggestion and critic which want to deliver, we will receive and we know
this paper uncompleted. If there many mistake in this paper please forgive us.
PREFERENCES
Chandler D. (1999) Semiotics
for Beginner Educational and Qualitative Research Archive
Chandler D. (2007) The
Basics Semiotics (Second Edition) the Taylor & Francis e-Library
http://www.academia.edu/6464965/Representasi_Kearifan_Lokal_dalam_film_Di_Timur_Matahari. Accessed on Sunday 21st, 3 PM
Onepiece.wikia.com. Accessed on Sunday 21st, 3 PM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce . Accessed on Monday 22nd, 2PM
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